20 of the Hardest Words to Spell in the English Language (2023)

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The English language is full of words that seem overstuffed with unnecessary letters, feel like they should be spelled a different way, or just don't make sense. Here are some of our favorites, explained.

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#20: Nauseous

There sure are a lot of vowels in “nauseous,” and it can be tricky to remember what order they go in. Even if you’ve got them straight, you may still second-guess yourself about the consonants, too. The “sh” sound makes it sound like there should be a “c” in there somewhere, like in “conscious.” And, as if the spelling confusion weren’t enough, you’ve probably beenusingthe word “nauseous” wrong too, but that’s a whole ‘nother story.

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#19: Dilate

With only six letters, “dilate” really shouldn’t be one of the hard words to spell, but the way people usually pronounce it can throw spellers for a loop. Many people say “dilate” as three full syllables, “di-a-late,” leading themselves and others to add in an extra “a” while spelling it. But let’s put this easy misunderstanding to rest—there’s no such word as “dialate.” Find out some more words even smart people mispronounce.

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#18: Indict

With “indict” popping up as a buzzword in today’s political climate, for better or worse, many people find themselves doing a double-take when they see it written out. Though the word is pronounced “indite,” it has a “c” in it! The legal term, whose first use dates back to around 1620, is a Latin variation on an earlier word thatwasspelled “indite.” To make things even more confusing, “indite” is actually still a word; it means to write or compose. Here are some words that people say aren’t real words—but they are.

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#17: Liquefy

In a vacuum, this wouldn’t be that tricky a word. It’s only seven letters, and is more or less spelled like it sounds. But the last three letters totally, understandably, throw spellers off. “Pacify,” “clarify,” “specify,” “rectify”…virtually every other word that follows this spelling pattern uses the “-ify” suffix. Even fictionalized versions of the word, like “green-ify” (shout-out to fans of Wicked), are spelled with an “i.” But “liquefy,” meaning to make or become liquid, ends with “-efy.” To make matters even more confusing, “liquid” itself is spelled “-qui,” reallymaking you think that second vowel should be an “i.” But nope—the fact that “liquefy” is spelled with an “e” makes it one of our hardest words to spell. (“Stupefy,” “putrefy,” and “rarefy” also use this unusual spelling.) Next, find out what TL;DR means.

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#16: Wednesday

Native English spellers have gotten used to the spelling of “Wednesday,” but that doesn’t mean it isn’t still very, very strange when you think about it. What is that first “d” doing there?! Well, many English names for weekdays come from the names of old Germanic deities. Wednesday was named after the Norse god Woden, better known, at least to comic book fans, as Odin. (We have his hammer-wielding son Thor to thank for Thursday!) “Wednesday” comes from the Old English “Wōdnesdæg,” or “Woden’s Day.” Check out these funny words you probably haven’t heard before.

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#15: Sherbet

Time to settle this sweet dispute once and for all—there is no such word as “sherbert.” Many people, understandably but inaccurately, assume that “sherbet” (or “sherbert,” as it’s often pronounced) is just an Americanization of “sorbet.” And while the words both come from the Turkish word “şerbet,” sherbet and sorbet are actually two different desserts. The difference between the two is worth a whole article on its own, but the bottom line is that there’s only one “r” in “sherbet,” no matter how people pronounce it. The primary pronunciation is “sher-bit,” but so many people throughout different regions of the United States pronounce it “sher-bert” that Dictionary.com lists it as an alternate pronunciation. Butspellingit that way is incorrect.

Psst! Do you know why the letter “w” is pronounced “double-u” and not “double-v”?

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#14: Bologna

There’s a reason many meat packages spell it “baloney.” The word “bologna” derives from Bologna, Italy, since a similar (but fancier) type of sausage comes from that city. If you want to mimic this fanciness, that “-gn” at the end should be pronounced with a “yuh” sound. But the Americanized, more phonetic spelling seems to better suit thin slabs of Oscar Mayer. All of these hardest words to spell are nothing compared to these insanely tough words that won the National Spelling Bee.

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#13: Playwright

Here’s another one that’s not thathardto spell but is just plain counterintuitive. Youwrite a play, so why aren’t people whowriteplays called playwrites? (Or “playwriters”?) It’s because when the word was coined, in the late 1600s, people who produced plays were considered workers who wrought plays rather than wrote them. (So grandiose, 17th century.) And if youwroughtsomething, you were considered a wright. The fact that “wright” is a homophone for “write” is just a salt-in-the-wound coincidence. Did you know that playwright is one of the most misspelled words in Arizona? Here are some awesome old-fashioned words we don’t use anymore—but should!

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#12: Fuchsia

Both the pairs of letters “sc” and “sh” have been known to make the sound that starts the second syllable of “fuchsia.” But, unfortunately for anyone who likes writing about colors or plants, “fuchsia” uses neither of those pairings, instead taking all the necessary letters and jumbling them up. The plant, whose flowers give the name to the color, was named after esteemed German botanist Leonhard Fuchs.

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#11: Minuscule

Nope, it’s not “mini-scule,” no matter how much logic would suggest. It bears no linguistic relation to “mini” or “miniature” but actually comes from the Latinminus, meaning “less.”Luckily, there’s a trick to help you remember how to spell “minuscule”—and these other 15 commonly misspelled words.

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#10: Ingenious

Like “minuscule,” “ingenious” is another word that’s so similar to another in both sound and meaning that people conclude that they’re spelled the same way. “Ingenious” means very clever and intelligent. A “genius” is a very clever, intelligent person. But, alas, the final syllables of “ingenious” are not spelled like “genius.” It dates back to a Latin word, ingeniosus,meaning “natural disposition.” Just like spelling “ingenious” and these other hardest words to spell correctly, using these words will make you sound smart.

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#9: Sacrilegious

A “sacrilegious” act is disrespectful to something of religious significance,so it makes a lot of sense to just assume without a second thought that the word is spelled “sacreligious.” But that would be too easy, now, wouldn’t it? “Sacrilegious” comes from “sacrilege,” not from “religious,” and the fact that they sound so similar is a pure linguistic coincidence. The word “sacrilege” came to be from the Latinsacri-, or “sacred,” andlegere, meaning “to gather or steal.” See if you know how to spell the most commonly misspelled words in every U.S. state.

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#8: Accommodate

Words with double letters are already going to be confusing; knowing which letters you double in words like “necessary,” “embarrassing,” and “millennium” is no small feat. “Accommodate” in particular can be tricky to remember since it follows a different rule from “recommend,” another word where the c’s and m’s can be sources of confusion. While “recommend” only has one “c,” “accommodate” has two of both consonants. Not to mention, “accommodate”‘s second “o” doesn’t really make an “o” sound; you could certainly see an “a” or an “e” going in that spot, no problem. Check out these palindrome words you’ve never thought of.

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#7: Orangutan

These poor Bornean primates are the subject of much linguistic confusion. According to Merriam-Webster, their name is the amalgamation of two words in the Malay pidgin language: “orang” for “man” and “hutan” for “forest.” But many people prefer pronouncing an anglicized version that adds another “g” to the end, making the word perplexing for spellers. As if that weren’t confusing enough, some variations on the spelling hyphenate the word and/or add an “o” before the “u,” creating “orang-outan.”

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#6: Mischievous

Have you heard this word pronounced “mis-CHEE-vee-ous,” a whole bunch? Maybe you yourself even pronounce it this way. This technically incorrect pronunciation—it’s actually “MIS-chi-vous”—leads people to spell the word wrong, thinking that there’s an “i” after the “v.” And, in a vicious spelling cycle, it’s likely because of the “ie,” which so often makes that “ee” sound, that people pronounce the word with that extra syllable, which then leads them to spell it with the extra “i”…et cetera. But make no mistake, the only “i” in “mischievous” is after the “h,” just like in “mischief.” Because of this confusion, it’s one of our hardest words to spell. Here are some more of the hardest words to pronounce in English.

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#5: Gubernatorial

Seriously…what?! The word “governor” has no “u,” “b,” or “t” in it. So wheredid we get this wacky, hard-to-spell word to mean “of or relating to a governor”? As it turns out, “gubernatorial” is actually much closer than “governor” to the origin of the word. Both words come from the Latin gubernātōr; “governor” just went through a bit more evolution, becoming the Old French gouverneur. Learn about the most confusing rules in the grammar world.

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#4: Acquiesce

This is simply a word where if you know it, you know it. Looking quickly at this word, which means “comply or agree without question,” you might not think that that first “c” needs to be there; it isn’t in words like “aquatic” or “aquiver.” You may also be tempted to throw a double “s” on the end in lieu of the “sc,” or just write the “s” with no “c.”

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#3: Conscientious

“Conscious” and “conscience” are tricky enough to spell. Take the first eight letters of “conscience,” pronounce them differently, and add another “sh” sound created by different letters, and you’ve got a doozy of a word for “moral and principled.” For a real test of your spelling skills, see if you can pass this quiz of 4th-grade spelling words.

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#2: Paraphernalia

Instead of adding a letter like in the case of “orangutan,” people pronouncing this already-tricky word tend to skip over the second “r” altogether. This mouthful actually comes from a nearly identical Latin word,paraphernālia, which referred to the belongings or property of a bride-to-be, similar to a dowry. Needless to say, this word has modernized, as now it can describe everything from ski gear to musical amplifiers to cell phone chargers.

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#1: Onomatopoeia

Like a punchy use of onomatopoeia—a technique where a word mimics a sound—in a comic book, this one speaks for itself. Between the eight vowels, the fact that you only really need half the letters that are there to make the “-pia” sound that the word ends with, or the fact that replacing the “t” with an “n,” and saying “onomanopoeia,” rolls off the tongue slightly better, this tops our list of English’s hardest words to spell.Next, ease your word-cluttered mind with these simple spelling rules to remember commonly misspelled words.

Sources:

• Merriam Webster: Orangutan
• Dictionary.com: Sacrilege
• Dictionary.com: Ingenious
• Britannica: Leonhard Fuchs

Meghan Jones is a word nerd who has been writing for RD.com since 2017. You can find her byline on pieces about grammar, fun facts, the meanings of various head-scratching words and phrases, and more. Meghan graduated from Marist College with a Bachelor of Arts in English in 2017; her creative nonfiction piece “Anticipation” was published in the Spring 2017 issue of Angles literary magazine.